Cov Vaj Huam Sib Luag Hnub Ci Hauv Tsev Yuav Ua Li Cas?
Yuav Ua Li Cas Thiaj Muaj Chaw Nyob Cov Vaj Huam Sib Luag Hnub Ci Los Ua Neeg?
Cov Khoom Siv Raw Tseem Ceeb
Silicon, lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm txhua lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag, yog khawb los ntawm cov pob zeb silica uas nyob thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Cov pob zeb silica ntuj muaj ntau yam tsis huv xws li hlau, txhuas thiab lwm yam hlau me me uas yuav ua rau lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom hnub ci tsis ua haujlwm, yog li nws yuav tsum tau ua cov txheej txheem ntxuav kom huv si kom tau cov khoom siv silicon uas muaj qhov huv si ntawm 99.9999% lossis siab dua. Cov silicon no yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv tshuab hnub ci, vim nws qhov huv si qhia ncaj qha rau kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob ntawm lub teeb mus rau hluav taws xob ntawm cov hnub ci kawg. Cov tuam txhab tsim khoom loj hauv qhov no nqis peev ntau rau cov txheej txheem ntxuav kom huv si, kom ntseeg tau tias lawv cov khoom siv silicon zoo thiab sib xws, uas ua rau lub hauv paus ruaj khov rau tag nrho cov saw hlau kev lag luam photovoltaic.
Cov Kauj Ruam Ua Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb
Thaum twg tau ua kom huv si lawm, cov silicon no siv tsis tau rau hauv nws daim ntawv nyoos. Ua ntej, nws yuav yaj rau hauv cov cub tawg kub tshwj xeeb uas tuaj yeem kub txog li 1,400 degrees Celsius, thiab tom qab ntawd rov ua dua tshiab rau hauv cov silicon ingots uas tuab thiab sib xws lossis cov silicon rods cylindrical. Cov kauj ruam no feem ntau piv rau "alchemy" hauv kev lag luam, vim nws hloov cov silicon granular mus rau hauv cov khoom khov kho, ua haujlwm tau zoo nrog cov qauv atomic uas tau txiav txim siab zoo. Tom ntej no, cov tuam txhab txiav kev tshaj lij siv cov hlau txiav precision los txiav cov ingots thiab rods no rau hauv cov silicon wafers ultra-thin - feem ntau tsuas yog ob peb puas micrometers tuab, nyias dua li cov plaub hau tib neeg. Qhov tuab thiab qhov tiaj tiaj ntawm cov wafers no yog cov yam ntxwv zoo tseem ceeb, vim tias txawm tias qhov kev hloov pauv me me tuaj yeem ua rau kev ua haujlwm tsawg dua lossis nce tus nqi tawg thaum lub sijhawm ua tiav tom ntej. Cov wafers tom qab ntawd dhau los ntawm ntau cov txheej txheem nyuaj, suav nrog doping nrog boron lossis phosphorus los tsim cov hluav taws xob conductivity, txheej nrog cov txheej tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam los txhim kho kev nqus lub teeb, thiab laser etching los tsim cov qauv zoo, thaum kawg ua cov hnub ci ua haujlwm uas tuaj yeem ntes lub hnub ci thiab hloov nws mus rau hauv lub zog hluav taws xob.
Kev Kaw Vaj Huam Sib Luag
Tus kheej hnub ci Cov cell tsim hluav taws xob tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm lawv tus kheej, yog li ntawd ntau kaum ntawm lawv tau teeb tsa ua ke thiab sib luag los txhawb cov zis hluav taws xob mus rau qib siv tau. Cov cell sib dhos no tom qab ntawd raug encapsulated los ua cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci ruaj khov, tiv taus huab cua uas tuaj yeem tiv taus ntau xyoo ntawm kev raug rau qhov chaw sab nraum zoov hnyav. Cov txheej txheem encapsulation suav nrog kev sib xyaw cov cell ntawm ntau txheej tiv thaiv: PV iav nyob rau pem hauv ntej, uas tau tshwj xeeb tempered los tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam thiab ua kom lub teeb kis tau zoo tshaj plaws; ib daim ntawv rov qab nyob rau sab nraub qaum, ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymer los tiv thaiv cov dej noo, ultraviolet hluav taws xob thiab xeb; thiab ib daim zaj duab xis encapsulant zoo, feem ntau yog ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), nyob nruab nrab los khi txhua yam khoom ua ke nruj nreem. Cov qauv ntau txheej no tsis yog tsuas yog tiv thaiv cov cell hnub ci zoo nkauj xwb tab sis kuj txhim kho qhov ruaj khov thiab lub neej ntev ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci.
Kev Hloov Pauv Tam Sim No
Cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci tsim hluav taws xob ncaj qha (DC), tab sis feem ntau cov khoom siv hauv tsev thiab lub zog pej xeem ua haujlwm ntawm alternating current (AC). Txhawm rau txuas qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb no, cov inverters tau koom ua ke rau hauv cov tsev hnub ci ua ib qho tseem ceeb. Cov inverters faib tawm, tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev siv hauv tsev thiab kev lag luam me, hloov pauv DC lub zog los ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci mus rau hauv lub zog AC siv tau zoo, tso cai rau cov tswv tsev siv hluav taws xob rau lawv lub teeb, tub yees, cua txias thiab lwm yam khoom siv ncaj qha los ntawm lub zog hnub ci. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov inverters faib tawm niaj hnub no feem ntau tuaj nrog cov haujlwm ntse xws li kev saib xyuas lub zog tiag tiag, kev tiv thaiv kev sib txuas ntawm lub grid thiab kev tswj chaw taws teeb, ua rau nws yooj yim dua rau cov neeg siv los tswj lawv cov kev siv hluav taws xob hnub ci thiab ua kom muaj kev txuag hluav taws xob ntau tshaj plaws.
Cov Ntawv Thov Uas Nthuav Dav
Ntxiv rau qhov kev teeb tsa lub hnub ci rau ntawm lub ru tsev ib txwm muaj, qhov kev siv tau ntau yam ntawm cov thev naus laus zis hnub ci tau ua rau muaj ntau yam kev siv tshiab hauv xyoo tas los no. Cov tshuab PV rau ntawm lub sam thiaj siv cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci me me, sib dua uas tuaj yeem yooj yim teeb tsa rau ntawm cov ntaiv sam thiaj yam tsis tas yuav tsum teeb tsa nyuaj lossis hloov kho cov qauv, muab hluav taws xob txaus los khiav cov khoom siv me me txhua hnub xws li lub xov tooj them, teeb rooj thiab lub tub yees me me. Qhov no ua rau lub zog hnub ci nkag tau txawm tias rau cov neeg nyob hauv tsev uas tsis tuaj yeem teeb tsa tag nrho cov tshuab ru tsev. Cov tshuab PV uas teeb tsa rau ntawm lub tsheb, ntawm qhov tod tes, muab cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci rau ntawm lub ru tsev tsheb, ua rau lawv muab hluav taws xob pab rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv tsheb xws li cov txheej txheem navigation thiab cua txias, lossis txawm tias pab them lub roj teeb ntawm lub tsheb, yog li txo kev siv roj thiab nthuav dav kev tsav tsheb rau cov tsheb fais fab. Cov ntawv thov tshiab no tab tom nthuav dav kev ncav cuag ntawm lub zog hnub ci hauv lub neej txhua hnub thiab tsav tsheb kev loj hlob tas mus li ntawm kev lag luam photovoltaic.